active pharmaceutical ingredient production by country

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Within these two broad categories, APIs can also be further classified based on their chemical nature. There are natural APIs, which are derived from plants, animals, or minerals. Examples include morphine from opium poppy and digoxin from foxglove plants. Semi-synthetic APIs, which are chemically modified derivatives of natural substances, also play a crucial role. An example is the antibiotic amoxicillin, a derivative of penicillin that is more effective against a range of bacteria.


1. Plasticizers These are added to increase the flexibility and workability of plastics. They lower the glass transition temperature of the polymer, making it softer and more flexible. Common plasticizers include phthalates and adipates, which are widely used in PVC applications.


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- Natural Organic Flocculants Derived from natural sources, these flocculants include substances obtained from plants or microorganisms. Examples include starches, guar gum, and chitosan. Natural flocculants are often preferred for their eco-friendliness and non-toxic nature. They have gained attention in treating drinking water and wastewater as a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemicals.


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L-ornithine and L-aspartate are naturally occurring amino acids that play significant roles in various physiological processes in the human body. Their unique properties and functions have garnered attention in the field of nutrition and medicine, particularly concerning liver health, metabolic disorders, and athletic performance.


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